Model benchmarks
Static prompt-and-response scoring of the model itself: knowledge, reasoning, math, code, factuality, long context.
| Benchmark | Released | Domains | Status | Contamination | Top score | History |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BenchCAD 17,900 execution-verified CadQuery programs across 106 industrial part families (gears, springs, drills, fittings), about half anchored to real ISO/DIN/EN/ASME/IEC specification tables. The prime task, Vision2Code, shows four orthographic renders and asks for a CadQuery program that is re-executed and scored by IoU-score (voxel IoU times execution rate); matched Vision QA, Code QA and Code Edit tasks isolate perception, parametric abstraction and program synthesis. An agentic variant adds a Python sandbox to render, measure and iterate. It is the yardstick vendors cite for AI-for-hardware. | 2026-05 | multimodal code reasoning | active | medium | 0.843 Claude Fable 5.1 (max, Python tools) self-reported | 5 rows |
| AA-Omniscience 6,000 short-answer factual questions generated from authoritative academic and industry sources across 42 topics in six domains (business, humanities, health, law, software engineering, science and engineering). An LLM grader labels each answer correct, partial, incorrect or not attempted; the Omniscience Index (-100 to 100) awards correct answers, subtracts incorrect ones and leaves abstentions neutral, so it measures knowledge calibration rather than raw recall. Accuracy and hallucination rate are reported separately and feed the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index. | 2025-11 | knowledge factuality | active | low | 44 GPT-6 Astra (high) independent | 4 rows |
| GDPval Real work deliverables (legal briefs, spreadsheets, slide decks, CAD, schedules, video edits) drawn from 44 occupations in the 9 US sectors that contribute most to GDP, written and reviewed by professionals averaging 14 years of experience. A model receives the request plus reference files and produces the deliverable in one shot; occupational experts blindly compare it with the human expert's work and the score is the share of comparisons rated better than or as good as the expert. The main public yardstick for economically valuable knowledge work. | 2025-09 | general-assistant knowledge instruction-following | active | medium | 74.1% GPT-5.2 Pro self-reported | 6 rows |
| HealthBench 5,000 realistic multi-turn, multilingual health conversations between a model and a layperson or clinician, spanning seven themes such as emergency referrals, context seeking and global health. Each conversation carries a physician-written rubric (48,562 criteria from 262 physicians in 60 countries); a GPT-4.1 grader checks which criteria the final response meets and the score is points earned over the maximum. Hard (1,000) and Consensus (3,671) subsets isolate unsaturated and physician-validated criteria. The reference evaluation for medical helpfulness and safety. | 2025-05 | knowledge safety instruction-following | active | medium | 59.9% o3 paper | 4 rows |
| ARC-AGI-2 ↑ ARC-AGI-1 ↓ ARC-AGI-3 Second-generation ARC grid puzzles designed to defeat brute-force search and test symbolic interpretation, compositional reasoning and context-dependent rule application. 1,000 public training tasks plus calibrated 120-task public, semi-private and private evaluation sets; every task was solved by at least two humans within two attempts. Scored as the percentage of test outputs exactly correct within two attempts, always reported together with cost per task. It launched with ARC Prize 2025 as the successor to ARC-AGI-1. | 2025-03 | reasoning | medium | 95% · human 100% GPT-6 Astra (Max) official | 5 rows | |
| ScreenSpot-Pro 1,581 GUI grounding instructions, each on a unique authentic high-resolution screenshot from 23 professional applications (CAD, IDEs, creative suites, scientific tools, office) and three operating systems. The model must output the click point or box for the element an instruction refers to; targets average 0.07% of the screen, and accuracy is the share of predictions landing inside the ground-truth box (micro-averaged over text and icon targets). The standard stress test for the visual grounding that computer-use agents depend on. | 2025-01 | computer-use multimodal | high | 92.7% GPT-6 Astra self-reported | 5 rows | |
| Humanity's Last Exam 2,500 expert-written closed-ended questions (multiple choice and exact-match short answer, about 14% with images) across mathematics, natural sciences, humanities and more, filtered so frontier models failed them at collection time. Scored as accuracy by an LLM judge (o3-mini) against the reference answer; calibration error is also reported. Designed as the final broad academic benchmark, it is now the main frontier knowledge-reasoning test. | 2025-01 | knowledge reasoning science math multimodal | active | medium | 65% Claude Fable 5.1 (with tools) self-reported | 6 rows |
| Aider Polyglot 225 of the hardest Exercism exercises in C++, Go, Java, JavaScript, Python and Rust, selected because at most 3 of 7 reference models solved them. The model runs inside the aider CLI, must edit the files using a specified edit format, and gets one retry with the failing test output; the score is the percentage of exercises whose unit tests pass after two attempts. A widely quoted measure of instruction-following code editing that also exposes edit-format compliance and cost per run. | 2024-12 | code instruction-following | medium | 88% gpt-5 (high) official | 5 rows | |
| SimpleQA 4,326 short fact-seeking questions with a single indisputable answer, adversarially collected against GPT-4o and verified by two independent annotators, spanning science, history, art, geography and more. A grader model marks each answer correct, incorrect or not attempted; the headline metric is percent correct, with F-score and calibration also reported. It measures whether models know what they know: hallucination-prone models score low even when otherwise capable. | 2024-11 | factuality knowledge | active | high | 62.5% gpt-4.5-preview-2025-02-27 self-reported | 4 rows |
| FrontierMath Hundreds of original, unpublished research-grade mathematics problems written and vetted by expert mathematicians, from hard undergraduate (Tier 1) through advanced graduate (Tier 3) to research-level Tier 4, each with an automatically verifiable answer. Models may reason and run Python within a token budget and submit an answer function; scored as the fraction of problems solved. Kept private to avoid contamination, it is the main measure of frontier mathematical reasoning, and Epoch runs all evaluations itself. | 2024-11 | math reasoning research | low | 93.7% gpt-6-astra (max) independent | 5 rows | |
| MMMU-Pro ↑ MMMU 1,730 MMMU questions that survived filtering out items answerable by text-only models, each with the option set expanded to ten candidates, plus a vision-only setting in which the question is rendered inside the image so the model must read and see at once. Scored as accuracy; the headline number averages the standard (10-option) and vision settings. It is the current standard for expert-level multimodal reasoning because it removes the text-only shortcuts that inflated MMMU. | 2024-09 | multimodal knowledge reasoning | active | medium | 86.9% · human 85.4% Chance Vision 1.5 self-reported | 5 rows |
| MMLU-Pro ↑ MMLU About 12,000 questions across 14 disciplines built from MMLU, STEM sites, TheoremQA and SciBench, with the answer set expanded from four to ten options and trivial or noisy items removed. Scored as accuracy with chain-of-thought (5-shot in the official setup). Reduces guessing headroom and prompt sensitivity, making it the standard replacement for MMLU when comparing knowledge and reasoning. | 2024-06 | knowledge reasoning | high | 91% Gemini 3.1 Pro (High) independent | 4 rows | |
| RULER A synthetic long-context suite of 13 tasks in four categories (needle-in-a-haystack retrieval variants, multi-hop variable tracing, aggregation of frequent words, and question answering over long inputs) generated at configurable lengths from 4K to 128K tokens or more. Scored as accuracy averaged across tasks at each length; a model's 'effective context' is the longest length at which it beats a fixed threshold (Llama-2-7B at 4K, 85.6%). It exposes the gap between claimed and usable context windows. | 2024-04 | long-context | low | 95.1% Jamba-1.5-large official | 5 rows | |
| LiveCodeBench Competitive-programming problems continuously collected from LeetCode, AtCoder and Codeforces contests, each tagged with its release date so that models can be scored only on problems published after their training cutoff. Code generation is scored as pass@1 against hidden tests (averaged over samples); self-repair, code execution and test-output prediction are separate scenarios. The rolling release-date filter makes it the standard contamination-aware coding benchmark, though the window chosen changes the score. | 2024-03 | code reasoning | active | low | 93.5% DeepSeek-V4-Pro (Think Max) self-reported | 5 rows |
| BFCL Evaluates how accurately a model produces function (tool) calls from natural-language requests. V1 introduced abstract-syntax-tree matching of single, multiple and parallel calls in Python, Java, JavaScript and REST; V2 added user-contributed live functions; V3 added multi-turn, multi-step and state-tracking scenarios; V4 added web-search and memory agentic tasks and format-sensitivity checks. The overall score is an unweighted average of sub-category accuracies, reported with cost and latency. The de-facto standard for tool-calling ability. | 2024-02 | tool-use | active | medium | 77.47% Claude-Opus-4-5-20251101 (FC) official | 5 rows |
| MMMU ↓ MMMU-Pro 11,500 college-level questions that pair text with images (charts, diagrams, maps, tables, chemical structures, music sheets) across six disciplines and 30 subjects, collected from exams, quizzes and textbooks. Scored as accuracy on the 900-question validation set (the test set of 10,500 is graded via EvalAI). The first broad expert-level multimodal benchmark; it is now close to expert-human accuracy and has been superseded by MMMU-Pro. | 2023-11 | multimodal knowledge reasoning | high | 85.4% · human 88.6% GPT-5.1 self-reported | 5 rows | |
| IFEval 541 prompts each containing one or more of 25 types of verifiable instructions, such as 'write at least 400 words', 'respond in JSON', 'include the keyword X three times' or 'no commas'. Compliance is checked programmatically, giving prompt-level and instruction-level accuracy under strict and loose matching. Cheap, reproducible and free of LLM judges, it is the standard check that a chat model actually obeys formatting constraints. | 2023-11 | instruction-following | high | 95% Qwen3.5-27B self-reported | 4 rows | |
| GPQA Diamond 198 four-option multiple-choice questions in biology, physics and chemistry written by domain PhDs and validated so that experts agree while skilled non-experts with unrestricted web access fail. The Diamond subset keeps only questions both experts answered correctly and most non-experts missed. The standard frontier science-reasoning benchmark; noise floor is roughly plus or minus 3 points at n=198. | 2023-11 | science reasoning knowledge | medium | 96% · human 69.7% GPT-6 Astra aggregator | 7 rows | |
| LMArena Text Live crowdsourced human-preference ranking of chat models. Visitors type any prompt, receive answers from two anonymous models side by side and vote; millions of pairwise votes are fit with a Bradley-Terry model (originally online Elo) to produce an Arena score with bootstrap confidence intervals, plus style-controlled and category views. Because prompts are fresh and judged by real users it is hard to contaminate and captures perceived helpfulness, but it rewards persuasive formatting and depends on which models are sampled. | 2023-05 | human-preference general-assistant | active | low | 1466 gemini-2.5-pro official | 5 rows |
| Saturated or retired — no longer used to compare frontier systems. Score shown is the last one reported, not a leaderboard top. | ||||||
| AIME 2025 | 2025-02 | math, reasoning | saturated | high | last reported 100% independent | |
| BIG-Bench Hard | 2022-10 | reasoning | saturated | high | last reported 87.5% self-reported | |
| GSM8K | 2021-10 | math, reasoning | saturated | high | last reported 92.6% self-reported | |
| TruthfulQA | 2021-09 | factuality, safety | saturated | high | last reported 58% paper | |
| MBPP | 2021-08 | code | saturated | high | last reported 88.6% self-reported | |
| HumanEval | 2021-07 | code | saturated | high | last reported 76.8% self-reported | |
| MATH | 2021-03 | math, reasoning | saturated | high | last reported 98.1% self-reported | |
| MMLU → MMLU-Pro | 2020-09 | knowledge, reasoning | saturated | high | last reported 90.1% self-reported | |
| ARC-AGI-1 → ARC-AGI-2 | 2019-11 | reasoning | saturated | medium | last reported 98.5% official | |
| WinoGrande | 2019-07 | commonsense, reasoning | saturated | high | last reported 81.5% self-reported | |
| HellaSwag | 2019-05 | commonsense | saturated | high | last reported 88% self-reported | |
| DROP | 2019-03 | reasoning, knowledge | saturated | high | last reported 88.7% self-reported | |
Agent benchmarks
Interactive environments: the system takes actions, uses tools, and is scored on task completion. Scores depend on scaffold and budget as much as on the model.
| Benchmark | Released | Domains | Status | Contamination | Top score | History |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSWorld 2.0 ↑ OSWorld 108 long-horizon computer-use workflows (median human time about 1.6 hours, roughly 300 agent tool calls) spanning research, creative, engineering, finance, administrative and healthcare work across desktop apps and 31 self-hosted websites. Tasks are graded on an average of 27 execution-based checkpoints, yielding a binary completion rate (primary metric, reported at a 500-step budget) and a partial score. Tasks include dynamic mid-task events, hidden state and simulated-user clarification, so it probes the failure modes OSWorld 1.0 no longer separates. | 2026-06 | computer-use multimodal tool-use | active | medium | 41.7% Claude Fable 5.1 self-reported | 5 rows |
| AutomationBench Business-workflow tasks across Sales, Marketing, Operations, Support, Finance and HR in which an agent, given one trigger message, must discover the right REST endpoints (BM25 search over ~500 endpoint schemas from 47 simulated SaaS apps), follow policy documents hidden in the environment, avoid decoy records, and mutate the state of a simulated company. Grading is deterministic end-state assertions, including negative ones; the official score is the strict fraction of tasks with every assertion passing on a private held-out set (600+ tasks); a 600-task public set is released for research. | 2026-04 | tool-use general-assistant instruction-following | active | low | 50.3% Claude Opus 5 (max) official | 6 rows |
| ARC-AGI-3 ↑ ARC-AGI-2 Interactive, turn-based game-like environments built only from Core Knowledge priors, with no instructions: an agent must explore, infer the goal, build a world model and plan. 25 public demo environments plus 55 semi-private (API-tested) and 55 fully private (competition) environments, each verified fully solvable by untrained humans. Scoring is efficiency-based against human action baselines, so 100% means solving every level as efficiently as humans. The first interactive generation of the ARC-AGI series. | 2026-03 | reasoning tool-use | low | 99.9% · human 100% GPT-6 Astra (high) official | 5 rows | |
| Terminal-Bench Hard, human-authored tasks that an agent must complete inside a real terminal environment (software engineering, scientific computing, ML, security, data processing). Each task ships its own container, a human solution and tests; the score is the fraction of tasks whose tests pass, averaged over several trials with 95% confidence intervals. The de-facto benchmark for CLI coding agents, run through the Harbor framework. | 2026-01 | software-engineering code tool-use ml-engineering | active | medium | 64.6% GPT-6 Astra self-reported | 11 rows |
| DeepSearchQA 900 hand-crafted, time-anchored web-research prompts across 17 fields whose answers are exhaustive sets rather than single facts (65% set answers). Each prompt is a causal chain of dependent look-ups, so agents must plan multi-step searches, collate fragments from many sources, de-duplicate entities and decide when to stop. Answers are judged for semantic set match by a fixed Gemini 2.5 Flash autorater; the primary metric is mean per-prompt F1, with fully-correct and fully-incorrect rates as diagnostics. It targets the comprehensiveness gap that single-answer benchmarks like BrowseComp miss. | 2025-12 | web research factuality tool-use | active | medium | 95% Claude Opus 5 aggregator | 5 rows |
| Tool Decathlon (Toolathlon) 108 manually sourced tasks that require an agent to drive 32 real software applications through 604 tools (mostly MCP servers) such as Google Calendar, Notion, Canvas, WooCommerce, Kubernetes and BigQuery, starting from realistic seeded environment states and taking roughly 20 turns each. Every task is graded by a dedicated execution-based evaluation script on the resulting state; the leaderboard reports Pass@1 over three runs plus Pass@3 and Pass^3. It is the broadest public test of general MCP-style tool use across heterogeneous apps. | 2025-10 | tool-use general-assistant software-engineering | active | medium | 78.4% GLM 5.3 Flash (max) official | 6 rows |
| SWE-Bench Pro ↑ SWE-bench Verified 1,865 human-verified, long-horizon software engineering tasks from 41 repositories (public set: 731 tasks from copyleft-licensed OSS repos; commercial set: 276 tasks from proprietary startup codebases; held-out set: 858 tasks). Each task gives an augmented problem statement, requirements and optional interface; the patch is scored by fail-to-pass and pass-to-pass tests. Reference solutions average about 107 changed lines across 4 files, so it measures multi-file, enterprise-style work that SWE-bench Verified no longer separates. | 2025-09 | software-engineering code tool-use | active | medium | 61.5% Muse Spark 1.1 official | 6 rows |
| tau2-bench ↑ tau-bench Successor to tau-bench that adds a telecom troubleshooting domain (114 tasks) in which both the agent and the simulated user have tools, so the agent must coordinate and guide the user rather than act alone; the verified retail (115) and airline (50) domains are retained. Tasks are generated compositionally from atomic sub-tasks and scored on final database state; pass^k measures reliability across repeated trials. Now maintained as tau^3-bench with a banking knowledge domain and a voice modality. | 2025-06 | tool-use instruction-following general-assistant | active | medium | 87.9% Qwen3.5-397B-A17B official | 5 rows |
| FieldWorkArena 886 tasks over on-site images, videos and documents captured in real factories, warehouses and retail stores (711 perception, 121 decision-making, 54 combination tasks), written from interviews with site workers and managers. An agent must extract information, detect safety or procedural violations and produce reports; answers are scored against ground truth with a weighted mix of exact and near-match scoring on a 0-1 scale (reported here as percent). It tests multimodal agents on physical-world field operations rather than digital environments. | 2025-05 | multimodal general-assistant safety reasoning | active | low | 52% · human 74% GPT-5.2 (2025-12-11) paper | 3 rows |
| PaperBench Agents must replicate 20 ICML 2024 Spotlight and Oral papers from scratch: understand the paper, write a codebase and run the experiments, in a container with GPU access. Grading uses author-co-developed hierarchical rubrics (8,316 gradable leaf nodes) applied by an LLM judge, giving a replication score from 0 to 100. The Code-Dev variant grades code only. It measures long-horizon research engineering, with a measured human (ML PhD) baseline for comparison. | 2025-04 | research ml-engineering code tool-use | active | medium | 43.4% IterativeAgent o1-high official | 4 rows |
| BrowseComp 1,266 human-written questions whose short, verifiable answers can only be found by persistently browsing many web pages and combining entangled constraints; human trainers verified that other people could not answer them within ten minutes and that then-current models failed. Scored as accuracy against the reference answer via a grader. It isolates deep web-research persistence rather than latent knowledge, so it separates browsing agents sharply. | 2025-04 | web tool-use factuality reasoning | medium | 92.2% GPT-5.6 Sol aggregator | 6 rows | |
| SWE-bench Multilingual 300 curated issue-resolution tasks from 42 repositories in C, C++, Go, Java, JavaScript/TypeScript, PHP, Ruby and Rust, built with the SWE-bench collection pipeline and scored by fail-to-pass and pass-to-pass tests. It checks whether agentic coding ability transfers beyond Python, where scaffolds and models are heavily tuned to SWE-bench Verified. | 2025-03 | software-engineering code tool-use | active | high | 72.7% Gemini 3 Flash official | 6 rows |
| MLE-bench 75 Kaggle competitions (22 low, 38 medium, 15 high complexity) in which an agent must read the task, prepare data, train models and submit predictions inside a sandbox within a compute budget. The score is the fraction of competitions in which the submission would have earned at least a bronze medal on the real Kaggle leaderboard. The standard test of end-to-end ML engineering rather than isolated coding. | 2024-10 | ml-engineering code tool-use | active | medium | 64.44% Famou-Agent 2.0 + Gemini-3-Pro-Preview official | 5 rows |
| SWE-bench Verified ↑ SWE-bench ↓ SWE-Bench Pro 500 real GitHub issues from 12 Python repositories, filtered by human annotators to remove under-specified or untestable tasks. An agent receives the issue text and the repository, must produce a patch, and is scored by hidden FAIL_TO_PASS and PASS_TO_PASS tests. The de-facto standard for agentic coding; scores depend heavily on scaffold and step/cost limits. | 2024-08 | software-engineering code tool-use | high | 96% Claude Opus 5 aggregator | 4 rows | |
| OSWorld ↓ OSWorld 2.0 369 real computer-use tasks in a live Ubuntu VM spanning Chrome, LibreOffice, GIMP, VLC, VS Code, Thunderbird, OS file operations and multi-app workflows. Agents see screenshots (and optionally the accessibility tree), emit mouse/keyboard actions, and are scored by execution-based checkers on the final machine state. The standard benchmark for GUI computer-use agents; OSWorld-Verified (July 2025) fixed 300+ task issues and is the basis of the current official leaderboard. | 2024-04 | computer-use multimodal tool-use | active | medium | 90.19% · human 72.36% Intelligence-Indeed Agent official | 6 rows |
| VisualWebArena 910 web tasks on Classifieds, Shopping and Reddit sites that require reading images (product photos, listings, posted pictures) to complete, extending WebArena's functional evaluation with visually grounded checks. Agents receive screenshots (optionally Set-of-Marks annotated) plus the accessibility tree and must act in the browser. It isolates the multimodal-perception gap that text-only web agents cannot close. | 2024-01 | web multimodal computer-use | active | high | 54% · human 88.7% Gemini 2.5 Flash (SGV) official | 5 rows |
| GAIA 466 real-world questions (166 public validation, 300 private test) that need web browsing, file handling, multimodal reading and tool use to reach a short, unambiguous answer; scored by quasi-exact match after normalisation. Three difficulty levels, with Level 3 requiring long tool-use chains. Questions are easy for humans, so the gap to human accuracy is the headline signal for general assistants. | 2023-11 | general-assistant tool-use web reasoning multimodal | medium | 93.36% · human 92% CustomGPT.ai Research Lab v44 official | 5 rows | |
| WebArena 812 long-horizon natural-language tasks on self-hosted, fully functional websites (e-commerce, forum, GitLab, CMS) plus a map, calculator and wiki. Agents act through a browser and are scored by programmatic functional checks on the final site state or answer rather than by matching action sequences. The first reproducible end-to-end web-agent benchmark and still the reference for text/DOM web agents. | 2023-07 | web tool-use computer-use | active | high | 74.3% · human 78.24% WebTactix + Deepseek v3.2 official | 5 rows |
| Saturated or retired — no longer used to compare frontier systems. Score shown is the last one reported, not a leaderboard top. | ||||||
| Cybench | 2024-08 | safety, code, tool-use | saturated | high | last reported 96% self-reported | |
| tau-bench → tau2-bench | 2024-06 | tool-use, instruction-following, general-assistant | retired | high | last reported 69.2% official | |
| AndroidWorld | 2024-05 | computer-use, multimodal, tool-use | saturated | medium | last reported 85.3% aggregator | |
| SWE-bench → SWE-bench Verified | 2023-10 | software-engineering, code, tool-use | saturated | high | last reported 52.62% official | |
| AgentBench | 2023-08 | tool-use, reasoning, web, code | retired | high | last reported 3.11 paper | |
Evaluators
Frameworks you run, leaderboards run by benchmark maintainers, organisations that independently re-run models, and aggregators that republish reported numbers.
| Evaluator | Kind | Maintainer | Methodology | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeepEval Open-source, pytest-style LLM evaluation framework aimed at application testing: metrics such as G-Eval, answer relevancy, faithfulness and tool-correctness are computed with LLM-as-a-judge or local NLP models. It also bundles implementations of several public benchmarks (MMLU, HellaSwag, BBH, DROP, TruthfulQA, HumanEval, GSM8K) that follow the original papers' prompting. Scores are self-run by the user; the company sells a hosted platform (Confident AI) around it. | framework | Confident AI | self-run | active |
| EvalScope ModelScope's one-command evaluation framework for LLMs, VLMs, embedding and AIGC models. It ships 100+ built-in benchmarks with pass@k style aggregation, an agent mode that runs benchmarks inside a multi-turn loop with Docker sandboxes, OpenCompass and VLMEvalKit backends, plus inference stress-testing and a results dashboard. Scores are self-run by the user; it is the default eval tool for Qwen and other ModelScope model releases. | framework | ModelScope (Alibaba) | self-run | active |
| HELM Holistic Evaluation of Language Models, Stanford CRFM's open-source framework for reproducible, multi-metric evaluation. Scenarios wrap datasets in standard prompts, run-specs fix shots and decoding, and metrics cover accuracy plus efficiency, bias, toxicity and calibration; CRFM self-runs the framework to publish leaderboards such as HELM Capabilities (MMLU-Pro, GPQA, IFEval, WildBench, Omni-MATH). Useful as an independent cross-lab baseline, though it entered maintenance mode in June 2026. | framework | Stanford CRFM | self-run | archived |
| Inspect AI Open-source evaluation framework from the UK AI Security Institute. Evals are Python tasks composed of a dataset, solvers (prompting, tool use, multi-turn agents, sandboxes) and scorers (exact match, model-graded, custom), with a log viewer for inspecting every sample. The companion inspect_evals package ships 200+ ready-to-run evals. Results are self-run by whoever executes the task; Inspect is also the engine behind Epoch AI's and lighteval's evaluations, so many published third-party numbers trace back to it. | framework | UK AI Security Institute | self-run | active |
| Lighteval Hugging Face's evaluation toolkit, built by the team that ran the Open LLM Leaderboard. It supports 1000+ tasks across transformers, vLLM, SGLang, Nanotron and API endpoints, saves sample-level outputs for debugging, and since 2025 uses Inspect AI as its preferred execution backend. Scores are self-run by the user, with task configs (prompts, metrics, few-shot) versioned in the repo so numbers can be reproduced. | framework | Hugging Face | self-run | active |
| LM Evaluation Harness The most widely used open-source framework for running academic benchmarks against language models. Tasks are declared in YAML, backends include Hugging Face transformers, vLLM, SGLang and hosted APIs, and results are cached and reproducible. Powered the Hugging Face Open LLM Leaderboard; you run it yourself, so scores depend on your prompt and shot settings. | framework | EleutherAI | self-run | active |
| OpenAI Evals OpenAI's open-source framework and registry for evaluating LLMs and LLM systems. Evals are declared in YAML and scored by templates such as exact match, fuzzy match and model-graded comparison; the registry mixes standard datasets with hundreds of community-contributed tasks. You run it yourself against the OpenAI API, so results are self-run. Historically influential, but the repository has had no release since 2024 and OpenAI now points users to hosted Evals in its dashboard. | framework | OpenAI | self-run | archived |
| OpenCompass Open-source evaluation platform from Shanghai AI Laboratory covering 100+ datasets with configurable prompts, LLM-judge and math-verify evaluators, and inference backends including LMDeploy, vLLM and API models. Scores are produced by running the framework yourself; the same team self-runs it to publish the CompassRank leaderboard. Widely used for Chinese and English open-weight model reports, so numbers labelled 'OpenCompass' are usually reproducible from its configs. | framework | Shanghai AI Laboratory (OpenCompass team) | self-run | active |
| Holistic Agent Leaderboard (HAL) Princeton's third-party, cost-aware leaderboard for AI agents. The HAL harness runs agents across benchmarks (GAIA, SWE-bench Verified Mini, tau-bench, CORE-Bench, USACO, AssistantBench, Online Mind2Web, ScienceAgentBench, SciCode) with identical orchestration, logging every model call and dollar spent so results are plotted on an accuracy-cost Pareto frontier. Traces are published encrypted. It shows how much scaffold choice and cost matter, which single-number lab reports hide; new-model updates paused in 2026 in favour of reliability work. | leaderboard | Princeton University (SAgE team) | self-run | active |
| LiveBench Contamination-limited LLM benchmark and leaderboard. Questions are refreshed monthly and drawn from recent arXiv papers, news, datasets and IMDb synopses across math, coding, reasoning, language, data analysis and instruction following; every question has an objective ground-truth answer so scoring is automatic with no LLM judge. The maintainers run all listed models themselves, and the newest question sets are held back from public release, making it a useful check on lab-reported scores. | leaderboard | LiveBench team (Abacus.AI, NYU and collaborators) | self-run | active |
| LMArena Crowdsourced human-preference leaderboard, originally Chatbot Arena. Visitors chat with two anonymous models side by side and vote; ratings are fit with a Bradley-Terry model (initially Elo) over millions of pairwise votes, with style-controlled variants that discount length and formatting. Because it measures what real users prefer rather than answer correctness, it complements accuracy benchmarks and is hard to contaminate, but it rewards persuasiveness and is sensitive to vote sourcing and model-sampling policies. | leaderboard | Arena (LMArena, spun out of LMSYS / UC Berkeley) | crowdsourced | active |
| Open LLM Leaderboard Hugging Face's leaderboard for open-weight models. Anyone could submit a Hub checkpoint and it was evaluated automatically with a pinned lm-evaluation-harness version on identical prompts (v1: ARC, HellaSwag, MMLU, TruthfulQA, WinoGrande, GSM8K; v2 from June 2024: IFEval, BBH, MATH level 5, GPQA, MuSR, MMLU-Pro). It made reproducible, like-for-like comparison of thousands of open models possible, then saturated and was retired in March 2025. | leaderboard | Hugging Face | submission | archived |
| SWE-rebench Nebius' continuously refreshed leaderboard for agentic software engineering. New GitHub issues are mined monthly into executable tasks, every model is run with the same fixed scaffold, and success is the fraction of tasks whose hidden tests pass (with pass@5, cost and tokens per problem). Tasks are dated so contamination relative to each model's release can be flagged. Because it is self-run under one harness on fresh problems, it is a cleaner comparison than lab-reported SWE-bench Verified numbers. | leaderboard | Nebius | self-run | active |
| Artificial Analysis Independent benchmarking company that self-runs a fixed suite of evaluations against every major model and API endpoint under identical zero-shot prompts, temperature and repeat settings, and publishes an Intelligence Index alongside speed, latency and price. Answers are scored by regex extraction, code execution or an LLM equality checker; agentic evals run in its open-source Stirrup harness. Labs do not pay for placement and a 'mystery shopper' policy re-tests public endpoints, which makes it a useful cross-lab reference for otherwise self-reported numbers. | independent-evaluator | Artificial Analysis | self-run | active |
| Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub Epoch AI's database of benchmark results for frontier models. Some benchmarks (GPQA Diamond, FrontierMath, SWE-bench Verified, SimpleQA Verified, MirrorCode) are evaluated internally with Inspect AI under documented, consistent settings and error bars; others (ARC-AGI, Terminal-Bench, HLE, MMLU) are collected from official leaderboards or primary sources and labelled as such. Data are CC-BY and downloadable, making it a standard source for capability trend analysis independent of lab marketing. | independent-evaluator | Epoch AI | self-run | active |
| Scale SEAL Leaderboards Scale AI's expert-driven leaderboards. Most prompt sets are private and written by vetted domain experts, models are run by Scale, and answers are graded by experts or rubric-guided LLM judges with error bars; a model is normally only listed the first time its developer encounters the prompts. It also hosts official leaderboards for public benchmarks Scale co-authored such as Humanity's Last Exam and SWE-Bench Pro. Independent of the labs it ranks, though Scale is itself a data vendor to many of them. | independent-evaluator | Scale AI (SEAL Research Lab) | self-run | active |
| Vals AI Independent evaluator that runs frontier models and agents on domain benchmarks for law, finance, tax, healthcare, coding and math. Most test sets are private and expert-built (Finance Agent, Legal Research Bench, TaxEval, Vibe Code Bench, Excel Modeling) so they cannot leak into training data; it also re-runs some public academic benchmarks. Scores report accuracy with standard errors plus cost and latency, and all evaluations are run in-house rather than collected from vendors, which is why its numbers often differ from lab-reported ones. | independent-evaluator | Vals AI | self-run | active |
| BenchLM Aggregator that collects published benchmark scores from model cards, launch posts, benchmark leaderboards and OpenBench into one table of 400+ models and normalises them into category and overall rankings with 'Supported' versus 'Estimated' evidence labels. It runs no evaluations of its own, so numbers inherit whatever scaffold and settings the original source used; its value is breadth, source links per score, and freshness/saturation tagging of benchmarks. | aggregator | BenchLM.ai (independent, maintained by @glevd) | collected | active |
Timeline
Release year of every tracked benchmark and evaluator.
Not charted (non-percent metric): AA-Omniscience, AgentBench, BenchCAD, LMArena Text
- 20265
- 202518
- 202423
- Artificial Analysis01
- VisualWebArena01
- BFCL02
- Lighteval02
- LiveCodeBench03
- EvalScope04
- Inspect AI04
- OSWorld04
- RULER04
- Vals AI04
- AndroidWorld05
- Scale SEAL Leaderboards05
- LiveBench06
- MMLU-Pro06
- tau-bench06
- Cybench08
- SWE-bench Verified08
- MMMU-Pro09
- MLE-bench10
- Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub11
- FrontierMath11
- SimpleQA11
- Aider Polyglot12
- 202313
- 20222
- 20216
- 20201
- MMLU09
- 20194
- DROP03
- HellaSwag05
- WinoGrande07
- ARC-AGI-111